en Seismic Geotechnique Seismic Geotechnique Research Paper Research Paper <p align="left"><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">Seismic stability of slopes is typically evaluated by conventional methods under the assumption that the slope is subjected to an</font></font></font></i></p> <p align="left"><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">earthquake just for one time. In general, time histories of loadings on slopes are unknown and loads are of variable repeated</font></font></font></i></p> <p align="left"><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">nature. Shakedown phenomenon can be considered as a safe state for slopes subjected to variable repeated loadings. In this study,</font></font></font></i></p> <p align="left"><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">lower bound dynamic shakedown theorem is employed for the seismic stability of slopes as a comprehensive verification. A</font></font></font></i></p> <p align="left"><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">numerical method applied previously to evaluate roads under the traffic loads was modified to make it appropriate for dynamic</font></font></font></i></p> <p align="left"><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">shakedown analysis in the present study. The numerical method is based on the combination of finite element and linear</font></font></font></i></p> <p align="left"><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">programming methods. Critical PGA is employed as a comparative parameter to compare shakedown and pseudostatic methods.</font></font></font></i></p> <p align="left"><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">Results show that, unlike pseudostaic method, shakedown approach is able to consider dynamic properties of load and slope.</font></font></font></i></p> <p align="left"><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">Also, it is indicated that contrary to pseudostaic approach, shakedown solutions are different for slopes and embankments.</font></font></font></i></p> <p align="left"><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">Shakedown and pseudostaic critical PGA versus dynamic properties of load and slope creates four distinct zones. It is shown that</font></font></font></i></p> <p><i><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2"><font color="#231f20" face="TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" size="2">the forgoing zones can be used as appropriate tools for seismic zonation of slopes based on their short term and long term safety</font></font></font></i></p> Dynamic shakedown, Pseudostatic, Seismic slope stability, Earthquake 133 140 http://ijce.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-186-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 F. Askari askari@iiees.ac.ir 180031947532846009908 180031947532846009908 Yes Assistant Prof., International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran M. R. Arvin m.r.arvin@gmail.com 180031947532846009909 180031947532846009909 No Associate Prof., Fasa University, Fasa, Iran O. Farzaneh ofarzane@ut.ac.ir 180031947532846009910 180031947532846009910 No Assistant Prof., School of civil engineering,Tehran University, Tehran, Iran