en Geotechnique Geotechnique Research Paper Research Paper In comparison with other geomaterials, constitutive modeling of rockfill materials and its validation is more complicated. This is principally due to the existence of more intricate phenomena such as particle crushing, as well as laboratory test limitations. These issues have necessitated developing more complex constitutive models, with many parameters. Regardless of the type of model, the calibrations of the parameters in such models are considered as one of the most important and challenging steps in the application of the model. Therefore, the need for comprehensive and rapid methods for evaluation of optimum parameters of the models is deemed necessary. In this paper, a Neuro-Fuzzy model in conjunction with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used for calibration of the twelve parameters of Hierarchical Single Surface (HISS) constitutive model based on the Disturbed State Concept (DSC). The Neuro-fuzzy system is used to provide a high-degree nonlinear regression model between the deviatoric stress and volumetric strain versus axial strain that has been obtained from consolidated drained large scale tri-axial tests on rockfill materials. The model parameters are determined in an iterative optimized loop with PSO and ANFIS such that the equations of DSC/HISS are simultaneously satisfied. Material data used in this study are gathered from the results of large tri-axial tests for two rockfill dams in Iran. It is shown that the proposed method has higher accuracy and more importantly its robustness is exhibited through test predictions. The achieved improvement is substantiated in a comparison with the more widely used "Least-Square" method. Rockfill material, DSC/HISS Constitutive model, Particle Swarm Optimization, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface System 216 225 http://ijce.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-259-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Farzin Kalantary fz_kalantary@kntu.ac.ir 180031947532846007706 180031947532846007706 Yes K.N.Toosi University of Technology Javad Sadoghi Yazdi javad.sadoghiyazdi@mymail.unisa.edu.au 180031947532846007707 180031947532846007707 No School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia Hossein Bazazzadeh hossein_bazaz@yahoo.com 180031947532846007708 180031947532846007708 No Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas