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A bi-level model for location-allocation problem of construction & demolition waste management under fuzzy random environment 2 2 In this paper, a location allocation (LA) problem in construction and demolition (C;D) waste management (WM) is studied. A bi-level model for this problem under a fuzzy random environment is presented where the upper level is the governments who sets up the processing centers, and the lower level are the administrators of different construction projects who control C;D waste and the after treatment materials supply. This model using an improved particle swarm optimization program based on a fuzzy random simulation (IPSO-based FRS) is able to handle practical issues. A case study is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Conclusions and future research directions are discussed. 1 12 2011/05/28 1390/3/7 2015/10/20 1394/7/28 Jiuping Xu Jiuping Xu State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China China xujiuping@scu.edu.cn Pei Wei Pei Wei Uncertainty Decision-Making Laboratory, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China China weipei@163.com Location-allocation optimization Construction waste management Fuzzy random PSO Bi-level models [1] Aɡpak, Í. K., G ökçen, H.: 2007, A chance-constrained approach to stochastic line balancing problem. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 180, pp. 1098-1115.##[2]Altınel, Í. K., Durmaz, E., Aras, N., Can Özkısacık, K.: 2009, A location-allocation heuristic for the capacitated multi-facility Weber problem with probabilistic customer locations. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 198(3), pp. 790-799.##[3] Ben-Ayed, O., Boyce, D.E., Blair, C.E.: 1988, A general bilevel linear programming formulation of the network design problem. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Vol. 22(4), pp. 311-318.##[4] Dong, S.S., Tong, K.W., Wu, Y.P.: 2001, Municipal solid waste management in China: using commercial management to solve a growing problem. Utilities Policy, Vol. 10(1), pp. 7-11.##[5] Eberhart, R.C., Kennedy, J.: 1995, A new optimizer using particle swarm theory, definitions and theorems. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science MHS ’95 1995; IEEE Press: 39-43. ISBN 0-7803-2676-8.##[6] Erkuta, E., Karagiannidisb, A., Perkoulidisb, G., Tjandra, S.A.: 2008, A multicriteria facility location model for municipal solid waste management in North Greece. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 187(3), pp. 1402-1421.##[7] EI-Sayed, M., Afia, N., EI-Kharbotly, A.: 2010, A stochastic model for forward-reverse logistics network design under risk. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Vol. 58(3), pp. 423-431.##[8] Heilpern, S.: 1992, The expected value of a fuzzy number. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 47, pp. 81-86.##[9] Kwakernaak, H.: 1978, Fuzzy random variables Part I: definitions and theorems. Information Science, Vol. 15, pp. 1-29.##[10] Kwakernaak, H.: 1979, Fuzzy random variables Part II: algorithms and examples for the discrete case. Information Science, Vol. 17, pp. 253-278.##[11] Kruse, R., Meyer, K.D.: 1987, Statistics with Vague Data. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company.##[12] Kip, B.J., Peters, E., Souren, F., Flapper, S.D.P.: 1999, A facility location allocation model for reusing carpet materials. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Vol. 36(4), pp. 855-869.##[13] Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R.C., Shi, Y.: 2001, Swarm Intelligence. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.##[14] Kao, J.J., Wen, L.M., Liu, K.H.: 2010, Service Distance and Ratio-Based Location-Allocation Models for Siting Recycling Depots. Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 136(4), pp. 444-450.##[15] Peng, C.L., Scorpio, D.E., Kitbert, C.J.: 1997, Strategies for successful construction and demolition waste recycling operations. Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 15(1), pp. 49-58.##[16] Logendran, R., Terrell, M.P.: 1988, Uncapacitated plant location-allocation problems with price sensitive stochastic demands. Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 15(2), pp. 189-198.##[17] Lu, Z., Hou, Z., Du, J.: 2004, Particle swarm optimization with adaptive mulation. Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China, Vol. 1(1), pp. 99-104.##[18] Liu, S.: 2006, Fuzzy total transportation cost measures for fuzzy solid transportation problem. Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 174, pp. 927-941.##[19] Shi, Y., Eberhart, R.C.: 1998, A modified particle swarm optimizer. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, The 1998 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 69-73.##[20] Shi, Y., Eberhart, R.C.: 1998, Parameter selection in particle swarm optimization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1447, pp. 591-600.##[21] Shen, L.Y., Vivian, W.Y.T.: 2001, Implementation of environmental management in the Hong Kong construction industry. International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 20, pp. 535-543.##[22] Shen, M., Tsai, Y.: 2008, CPW-fed monopole antenna characterized by using particle swarm optimization incorporating decomposed objective functions. International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, Vol. 4(8), pp. 1897-1919.##[23] Silva, M.R., Cunha, C.B.: 2009, New simple and efficient heuristics for the uncapacitated single allocation hub location problem. Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 36, pp. 3152-3165.##[24] Shen, S.Y., Liu, Y.K.: 2010, A New Class of Fuzzy Location-Allocation Problems and Its Approximation Method. Information, Vol. 13(3), pp. 577-591.##[25] Trelea, I.C.: 2003, The particle swarm optimization algorithm: Convergence analysis and parameter selection. Information Processing Letters, Vol. 85(6), pp. 317-325.##[26] Tam, V.W.Y., Tam, C.M.: 2008, Waste reduction through incentives: a case study. Building Research & Information, Vol. 36(1), pp. 37-43.##[27] Urban, T.L., Chiang, W.C.: 2006, An optimal piecewise-linear program for the U-line balancing problem with stochastic task times. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 168, pp. 109-120.##[28] Valeo, C., Baetz, B.W., Tsanis, I.K.: 1998, Location of recycling depots with GIS. Journal of Urban Planning and Development-ASCE, Vol. 124(2), pp. 93-99.##[29] Wang, J.Y., Kang, X.P., Tam, V.W.Y.: 2008, An investigation of construction wastes: an empirical study in Shenzhen, Journal of Engineering. Design and Technology, Vol. 6(3), pp. 227-236.##[30] Wen, M., Iwamura, K.: 2008, Fuzzy facility location-allocation problem under the Hurwicz criterion. European Journal of OperationalResearch, Vol. 184(2), pp. 627-635.##[31] Wang, S.M., Watada, J.: 2011, Two-stage fuzzy stochastic programming with Value-at-Risk criteria. Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 11(1), pp. 1044-1056.##[32] Wang, K.J., Makond, B., Liu, S.Y.: 2011, Location and allocation decisions in a two-echelon supply chain with stochastic demand：A genetic-algorithm based solution. Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 38(5), pp. 6125-6131.##[33] Wena, M., Kang, R.: 2011, Some optimal models for facility location-allocation problem with random fuzzy demands. Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 11(1), pp. 1202-1207.##[34] Xu, J., Yang, Y.: 2008, A class of multiobjective vehicle routing optimal model under fuzzy random environment and its application. World Journal of Modelling and Simulation, Vol. 4(2), pp. 112-119.##[35] Xu, J. and Zeng, Z., A discrete time optimal control model with uncertainty for dynamic machine allocation problem and its application to manufacturing and construction industries, Applied Mathematical Modelling, doi:10.1016/j.apm.2011.10.031.##[36] Liu, Q. and Xu, J., A study on facility location-allocation problem in mixed random and fuzzy environment, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 22(2011), pp. 389-398.##[37] Xu, J., Zhou, X. and Li, S., A class of chance constrained multi-objective portfolio selection model under fuzzy random environment, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 150(2011), pp. 530-552.##[38] Xu, J., Yao, L. and Zhao, X., A multi-objective chance-constrained network optimal model with random fuzzy coefficients and its application to logistics distribution center location problem, Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making, 10(2011), pp. 255-285.##[39] Xu, J., Yan, F., and Li, S., Vehicle routing optimization with soft time windows in a fuzzy random environment, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 47(2011), pp. 1075-1091.## ##

Development of technical and economical models for widespread application of magnetic levitation system in public transport 2 2 Magnetic levitation (maglev) is amongst the most advanced technologies that are available to the transportation industries. It has already been noticed by decision makers in many countries around the globe. Contrary to such high levels of interest, there are no practical algorithms available to the engineers and/or managers to assist them in analyzing economics of the maglev systems. Therefore, it has been the purpose of this research to find appropriate answers to such vital questions and also investigate feasibility for practical use of maglev technology in rapid transit systems. The life cycle costs (LCC) for the maglev system including the cost of initiating such projects are included in this survey and are evaluated. To serve the purpose, an algorithm is presented that facilitates the technical and economical analyses of maglev systems. The proposal for a long distance maglev system, Mashhad-Tehran (M-T), is used as a case study by using the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the cost of establishing and operating M-T project is estimated by two other different approaches. These include the already established mathematically based cost estimating method, and the cost estimations based on the international norms and standards. These standards are based on statistical (or provided) data. Such cost estimations assist verification of the proposed algorithm. Comparisons between outcomes of the three methods prove close agreement for the cost estimation by all of them. It is concluded that the proposed algorithm for implementation and operation of maglev route is practical. 13 24 2011/05/282009/12/15 1388/9/24 2015/10/202015/10/21 1394/7/29 H. Behbahani H. Behbahani Professor, School of Civil Eng., Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Iran behbahani@iust.ac.i H. Yaghoubi H. Yaghoubi The Director of Iran Maglev Technology (IMT), Tehran, Iran. Iran info@maglev.ir M. A. Rezvani M. A. Rezvani Assistant Professor, School of Railway Eng., Iran Univ. of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Iran rezvani@mail.iust.ac.ir Maglev Guideway Life cycle cost Mathematical models Cost estimating method [1] Zakeri, J. A. and Yaghoubi, H.: 2008, Surveying Advantages of Magnetically Levitated Trains over High-Speed Railway Trains, Iranian Association of Rail Transport Engineering, Journal of Transportation and Development, No. 12, pp. 44-53.##[2] Yaghoubi, H. and Ziari, H.: 2010, Development of a Maglev Vehicle/Guideway System Interaction Model and Comparison of the Guideway Structural Analysis with Railway Bridge Structures, ASCE, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000197 (19 July 2010). ##[3] Luguang, Y.: 2005, Progress of the Maglev Transportation in China, MT’19 Conference, Genoa, Italy.##[4] Yaghoubi, H.: 2008, Magnetic Levitation, Maglev, Pouyan Farnegar Publishers, Vol. 1.##[5] Yaghoubi, H. and Ziari, H.: 2010, Assessment of Structural Analysis and Design Principals for Maglev Guideway: A Case-Study for Implementing Low-Speed Maglev Systems In Iran, The 1st International Conference on Railway Engineering, High-speed Railway, Heavy Haul Railway and Urban Rail Transit, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China.##[6] Noh, H.M. and Cho, Y.O.: 2010, Establishment of Railway Safety Management System Using Systems Engineering Management Plan, International Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 79-84.##[7] Köncke, K.: 2002, Technical and Economical Aspects of the Transrapid Compared to Traditional HSR Systems, The 17th International Conference on Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives, Lausanne, Switzerland.##[8] Liu, R. and Deng, Y.: 2004, Engineering Comparison of High-Speed Rail and Maglev Systems: A Case Study of Beijing-Shanghai Corridor, The Transportation Research Board.##[9] Behbahani, H. and Yaghoubi, H.: 2010, Procedures for Safety and Risk Assessment of Maglev Systems: A Case-Study for Long-Distance and High-Speed Maglev Project in Mashhad-Tehran Route, The 1st International Conference on Railway Engineering, High-speed Railway, Heavy Haul Railway and Urban Rail Transit, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China.##[10] Schwindt, G.: 2006, The Guideway, The 19th International Conference on Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives incorporating the 6. Dresdner Fachtagung Transrapid, Dresden – Germany.##[11] Federal Transit Administration Office of Research, Demonstration, and Innovation: 2004, Urban Maglev Technology Development Program Colorado Maglev Project Final Report, U. S. Department of Transportation.##[12] Proceedings of the Federal Transit Administration’s Urban Maglev Workshop: 2005, U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration Office of Mobility Innovation, Washington, DC.##[13] American Maglev Technology (AMT), Los Angeles EMMI (Environmental Mitigation and Mobility Initiative) Maglev Project: 2007, Presentation to Maglev Development Task Force.##[14] Donald M. R.: 1998, Comparison of High-Speed Rail and Maglev System Costs, Argonne National Laboratory, Work supported by the U.S. department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.##[15] Mangiat, J.: 2007, MaglevIntercity, www.ee.iitm.ac.in/~anilpr/MaglevIntercity.doc.##[16] The American Maglev Technology Team: 2000, The AMT Test Facility at Edgewater, http://faculty.washington.edu/jbs/itrans/amtteam.htm.##[17] Powell, J. and Danby, G.: 2003, MAGLEV: The New Mode of Transport for the 21st Century, The Issue of 21st Century Science & Technology.##[18] Yaghoubi, H.: 2009, Feasibility Study for Establishing Tehran-Mashhad Maglev System, Phase Zero Report, Iranian Railways. ##[19] Joint venture, Metra Consultant Engineers (Subsidiary to Ministry of Roads and Transportation of Iran) & Systra (France): 2007, Plan for Tehran-Mashhad High-Speed Railway, Report for Super Fast Maglev System”, Ministry of Roads and Transportation of Iran. ##[20] Nasirzadeh, F., Afshar, A. and Khanzadi, M.: 2008, System dynamics approach for construction risk analysis, International Journal of Civil Engineering. Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 120-131.##[21] Banki, M. T. and Esmaeili, B.: 2009, The Effects of Variability of the Mathematical Equations and Project Categorizations on Forecasting S-Curves at Construction Industry, International Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 258-270.##[22] Yaghoubi, H.: 2008, An Engineering Survey for Magnetic Suspension Systems and Maglev Guideways, M.Sc. seminar, School of Railway Eng., Iran University of Science and Technology. ##[23] Metra Consultant Engineers (Subsidiary to Ministry of Roads and Transportation of Iran) & Egis (France): 2007, A general survey about country’s transportation, Ministry of Roads and Transportation of Iran. ##[24] Afandizadeh, S., Araghi, M.: 2008, Developing an Approach for Tehran Residential Land Use Relocation Based on Equilibrium Trip Pattern, International Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 255-265.##[25] Witt, M. and Herzberg, S.: 2004, Technical-economical System Comparison of High Speed Railway Systems, The 18th International Conference on Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives, Shanghai, China.##[26] Baohua, M., Rong, H. and Shunping, J.: 2008, Potential Applications of Maglev Railway Technology in China, Journal of Transpn Sys Eng & IT, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 29−39. ##[27] Yaghoubi, H.: 2008, A Survey and Design of Maglev U-shaped Guideway, M.Sc. Dissertation, School of Railway Eng., Iran University of Science and Technology. ## ##

Estimation of operating speed on two lane two way roads along N-65 (SIBI –Quetta) 2 2 Present study is an extension of earlier work carried out on two-lane two way roads in the two provinces of Pakistan i.e. N-25, N-55 and N-5 regarding the measure of operating speed and development of operating speed prediction models. Curved sections of two-lane rural highways are the main location of run-off road accidents. In addition to that the road alignment having combination of geometric elements may be more harmful to the drivers than the successive features with adequate separation. This study is carried out on two-lane two- way road along N-65 (from Sibi to Quetta). Three sections are selected for study with thirty three horizontal curves. Continuous speed profile data was recorded with the help of VBox (GPS based device) which was attached with a vehicle to detect vehicle position through satellite signals. VBox is new equipment with modern technology in this field and it helps in recording continuous speed profile and saving of this information on the computer as a permanent record. Through the regression analysis, models were developed for estimation of operating speed on horizontal curves and on tangent, and estimation of maximum speed reduction from tangent to curve. The validation of developed model shows compatibility with the experimental data. 25 31 2011/05/282009/12/152010/12/28 1389/10/7 2015/10/202015/10/212015/10/21 1394/7/29 R. A. Memon R. A. Memon Associate professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran UET, Jamshoro, Pakistan Pakistan rizwan.memon@faculty.muet.edu.pk G. B. Khaskheli G. B. Khaskheli Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran UET, Jamshoro, Pakistan Pakistan gbk_60@hotmail.com M. H. Dahani M. H. Dahani Project Director, National Highway Authority, Pakistan Pakistan manzoordahani@gmail.com Operating speed Speed profile Design consistency 1. Annexure to NHA CODE 1999 as revised in 2005, Volume –II##2. Memon, Rizwan A., Khaskheli, G.B., Qureshi, A.S., 2008, “Operating Speed Models for Two Lane Rural Roads in Pakistan”, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 35(5), 443 – 453##3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric-design-of-roads##4. G. M. Gibreel, S. M. Essa, Y. Hassa, and I. A. El-Dimeery, 1999, “State of Art of Highway Geometric Design Consistency” Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, 125 (4), 305-313. ##5. Fitzpatrick. K and Collins, J, 2000, “Speed profile model for two lane rural highways”, Transportation Research Record, 1737,42-49##6. Glennon, J. C., T. R. Neuman, and J. E. Leish, 1985, “Safety and Operational Consideration for Design of Rural Highway Curves”, Report No. FHWA-RD-36/035, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC. ##7. Lamm R., Choueiri E. M., 1987, “Recommendations for Evaluating Horizontal Design Consistency Based on Investigations in the State of New York”, Transportation Research Record, 1122, 67-78.##8. Krammes, R. A. , R. Q. Brackett, M. A. Shafer, J. L. Ottesen, I. B. Anderson, K. L. Fink, K. M. Collins, O. J. Pendleton, and C. J. Messer, 1995, “Horizontal Alignment Design Consistency for Rural Two- Lane Highways”, Publication No.FHWA-RD-94-034.##9. P. Misaghi1 and Y. Hassan, 2005, “Modeling Operating Speed and Speed Differential on Two-Lane Rural Roads”, Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE. Vol.131, No. 6, 408-418. ## ##

Hybrid harmony search for conditional p-median problems 2 2 In this paper the conditional location problem is discussed. Conditional location problems have a wide range of applications in location science. A new meta-heuristic algorithm for solving conditional p-median problems is proposed and results are compared to those of the previous studies. This algorithm produces much better results than the previous formulations. 32 36 2011/05/282009/12/152010/12/282010/08/7 1389/5/16 2015/10/202015/10/212015/10/212011/10/4 1390/7/12 A. Kaveh A. Kaveh Professor, Centre of Excellence for Fundamental Studies in Structural Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology,Narmak, Tehran-16, Iran Iran alikaveh@iust.ac.ir H. Nasr Esfahani H. Nasr Esfahani Graduate Student, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran-16, Iran Iran hamednasr1985@yahoo.com location problem p-median problem conditional harmony search meta-heuristics Beramn O, Drezner Z. A new formulation for the conditional p- median and p-center problems, Operations Research Letters,2008, Vol. 36, pp. 481-483.##Handler YG, Mirchandani PB. Location on Networks Theory and Algorithms, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1979.##Lin CC. A note about the new emergency facility insertion in an undirected connected graph, in Sixth Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modelling Simulation, Pittsburgh, Penn,1975.##Chen R. Conditional minisum and minimax location-allocation problems in euclidean space, Transportation Science, 1990, Vol.22, pp. 158-160.##Chen R, Handler GY. The conditional p-center in the plane, Naval Research Logistics, 1993, Vol. 40, pp. 117-127.##Drezner Z. On the conditional p-center problem, Transportation Science, 1989, Vol. 23, pp. 51-53.##Drezner Z. On the conditional p-median problem, Computers and Operations Research, 1995, Vol. 22, pp. 525-530.##Beramn O, Simchi-Levi D. The conditional location problem on networks, Transportation Science, 1990, Vol. 24, pp. 77-78.## Chen D, Chen R. A relaxation-based algorithm for solving the conditional p-center problem, Operations Research Letters,2010, Vol. 38, pp. 215-217.##Chen D, Chen R. New relaxation-based algorithms for the optimal solution of the continuous and discrete p-center problems, Computers and Operations Research, 2009, Vol. 36, pp. 1646-1655.##Geem ZW, Kim JH, Loganathan GV. A new heuristic optimization algorithm: harmony search, Simulation, 2001, Vol. 76, pp. 60-68.## Kaveh A, Nasr H. Solving conditional and unconditional p-center problem with greedy harmony search and its applications, Scientia Iranica A , 2011, Vol. 18, pp. 867-877.##Mahdavi M, Fesanghary M, Damangir E. An improved harmony search algorithm for solving optimization problems.Applied Mathematiacl Computation, 2007, Vol. 188, pp. 1567-1579.##Dijkstra EW. A note on two problems in connexion with graphs,Numerische Mathematik, 1959, Vol. 1, pp. 269-271.##Beasley JE. A note on solving large p-median problems.European Journal of Operational Research, 1985, Vol. 21, pp.270-273.#### ##

An adapted harmony search based algorithm for facility layout optimization 2 2 This paper presents a strategy for using Harmony Search algorithm in facility layout optimization problems. In this paper an adapted harmony search algorithm is developed for solving facility layout optimization problems. This method finds an optimal facility arrangement in an existing layout. Two real-world case studies are employed to demonstrate the efficiency of this model. A comparison is also made to illustrate the efficiency of these strategies in facility layout optimization 37 42 2011/05/282009/12/152010/12/282010/08/72010/07/31 1389/5/9 2015/10/202015/10/212015/10/212011/10/42011/12/4 1390/9/13 A. Kaveh A. Kaveh Professor, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak,Tehran-16, Iran Iran alikaveh@iust.ac.ir A. Shakouri Mahmud Abadi A. Shakouri Mahmud Abadi Graduate student, Building and Housing Research Center, Tehran-14, Iran Iran abbasshakori@gmail.com S. Zolfaghari Moghaddam S. Zolfaghari Moghaddam Undergraduate student, Hekmat Institute of Higher Education,Qom, Iran Iran Zolfaghri @yahoo.com Facility layout optimization Architecture Adapted harmony search algorithm Burkard RE. Quadratic assignment problems, European Journal of Operational Research, 1984, Vol. 15, pp. 283-289.##Kariv O, Hakimi SL. An algorithmic approach to network location problems, SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics,1979, Vol. 37, pp. 539-560.##Hakimi SL. Optimum locations of switching centres and the absolute centres and medians of a graph, Operations Research,1964, Vol. 12, pp. 450-459.##Christofides N, Beasley JE. A tree search algorithm for the pmedian problem. European Journal of Operational Research,1982, Vol. 10, pp. 196-204.##Megiddo N, Supowi K. On the complexity of some common geometric location problems, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1984.##Galvao RD. A dual-bounded algorithm for the p-medianproblem, Operations Research, 1980, Vol. 28, pp. 1112-1121.##Daskin MS. Network and Discrete Location, Wiley, 1995.##Erlenkotter D. Adual-based procedure for uncapacitated facility location, Operations Research, 1987, Vol. 26, pp. 992-1009. ##Correa ES, Steiner MTA, Freitas AA, Carnieri C. A geneticalgorithm for the pmedian problem, Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 2001, pp. 1268-1275.##Alba E, Domínguez, E. Comparative analysis of modernoptimization tools for the p-median problem, Statistics and Computing, 2006, Vol. 16, pp. 251-260.##Alp O, Erkut E, Drezner Z. An efficient genetic algorithm forthe p-median problem, Annals of Operations Research, 2003,Vol. 122, pp. 21-42.##Kaveh A, Talatahari S. Particle swarm optimizer, ant colonystrategy and harmony search scheme hybridized for optimization of truss structures, Computers and Structures,2009, Vol. 87, pp. 267-283.##Geem ZW. Harmony Search Algorithms for Structural Design,Edited by Springer Verlag, 2009.##Geem ZW, Kim JH, Loganathan GV. A new heuristic optimization algorithm: harmony search. Simulation, 2001, Vol.76, pp. 60-68.##Lee KS, Geem ZW. Anew structural optimization method basedon harmony search algorithm, Computers and Structures; 2004,Vol. 82, pp. 781-798.##Lee KS, Geem ZW. A new meta-heuristic algorithm forcontinuous engineering optimization: harmony search theory and practice, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanical Engineering, 2005, Vol. 194(36-38), pp. 3902-3933.##Mahdavi M, Fesanghary M, Damangir E. An improved harmony search algorithm for solving optimization problems,Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2007, Vol. 188(2), pp.1567-1579.##Geem ZW. Multiobjective Optimization of time-cost trade-off using harmony search, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, 2010. Vol. 136, pp. 711-716.##Geem ZW. Novel derivative of harmony search algorithm fordiscrete design variables, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2008, Vol. 199(1), pp. 223-230.##Cheung SO, Tong TK, Tam CM. Site pre-cast yard layout arrangement through genetic algorithms, Automation in Construction, 2002, Vol. 11, pp. 35-46.##Liang LY, Chao WC. The strategies of tabu search technique for facility layout optimization. Journal of Automation in Construction, 2008, Vol. 17, pp. 657-669.##Maniezzo V, Muzio L, Colorni A, Dorigo M. Il sistema formiche applicato al problema dell\'assegnamento quadratico.Technical Report No. 94-058, Politecnico di Milano, Italy,1994, in Italian.## ##

A semi analytical solution for rising limb of hydrograph in 2D overland flow 2 2 In almost all of the present mathematical models, the upstream subbasins, with overland flow as the dominant type of flow, are simulated as a rectangular plane. However, the converging plane is the closest shape to an actual upstream subbasin. The intricate nature of the governing equations of the overland flow on a converging plane is the cause of prolonged absence of an analytical or semi analytical solution to define the rising limb of the resulted hydrograph. In the present research, a new geomorphologic semi analytical method was developed that tries to establish a relationship between the parallel and converging flows to reduce the complexity of the equations. The proposed method uses the principals of the Time Area method modified to apply the kinematic wave theory and then by applying a correction factor finds the actual discharge. The correction factor, which is based on the proportion of the effective drained area to the analytically calculated one, introduces the convergence effect of the flow in reducing the potentially available discharge in a parallel flow. The proposed method was applied to a case study and the result was compared with that of Woolhiser;#39s numerical method that showed the reliability of the new method. 43 50 2011/05/282009/12/152010/12/282010/08/72010/07/312011/01/16 1389/10/26 2015/10/202015/10/212015/10/212011/10/42011/12/42012/03/10 1390/12/20 A. R. Shokoohi A. R. Shokoohi Associate professor, water engineering department, faculty of technical and engineering, International University of Imam Khomeini, Qazvin, Iran. Iran shokoohi@ikiu.ac.ir B. Saghafian B. Saghafian Professor in Hydrology, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Center, Tehran, Iran Iran b.saghafian@gmail.com Kinematic wave Converging plane Parallel flow Time to equilibrium Rising limb Geomorphologic correction factor 1. Wooding, R.A.: 1965a, A hydraulic Model for the Catchment-stream Problem, I. Kinematic Wave Theory., Journal of Hydrology Vol. 3,pp. 254-267. ##2. Wooding, R.A.: 1965b, A hydraulic Model for the Catchment-stream Problem, II. - Numerical Solution. J. Hydrology, Vol. 3, pp. 268-282. ##3. Singh, V.P.: 1996, Kinematic wave modeling in water resources engineering, ##John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York.##4. Wooding, R.A.: 1966, A hydraulic Model for the Catchment-stream Problem, III. Comparison with Runoff Observations, J. Hydrology, Vol. 4,pp. 21-37. ##5. Ponce, V. M.: 1989, Engineering Hydrology., Prentice Hall Inc.##6. Woolhiser, D.A.: 1969, Overland flow on converging surface., Transaction of the ASAE, 12(4),pp. 460-462.##7. Veal, D.G.: 1966, A computer solution of converging, subcritical overland flow., Unpublished M.S. Thesis, Cornell University .##8. Singh, V.P.: 1975b, Hybrid formulation of kinematic wave models of watershed runoff., J. Hydrology, 27,pp. 33 –35.##9. Singh, V.P. and Woolhiser, D.A.: 1976, A nonlinear kinematic wave model for watershed surface runoff., J. Hydrology, 31,pp. 221 – 243.##10. Singh, V.P. 1975a. Estimation and optimization of Kinematic wave parameters, Water Resources Bulletin, 11 (6), pp. 1091 – 1102.##11. Singh, V.P.: 1976, A distributed converging overland flow: 3. application to natural watersheds., Water Resources Res., 12(5),pp. 902 – 908.##12. Sherman, B. and Singh, V. P.: 1976 a, A distributed converging overland flow model: 1. Mathematical solution, Water Resources Res., 12(5), pp. 889 – 896.##13. Sherman, B. and Singh, V. P.: 1976 b, A distributed converging overland flow model: 2. Effect of infiltration., Water Resources Res., 12 (5), pp. 897 – 901.##14. Ellis, F.W., Ramsey, F.V and Hornberger, G.M.: 1980, Converging flow model applied to urban Catchment., J. Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 106(9),pp. 1457 – 1470.##15. Agiralioglu, N.: 1981, Water routing on diverging – converging watersheds, J. Hydraulic Division, ASCE, 107)8(, pp. 1003 – 1017.##16. Agiralioglu, N.: 1984, Effect of Catchment geometry on time of concentration, Proc. Of Urban Storm Drainage, Gutenberg, Sweden, 1,pp. 177 – 184. ##17. Agiralioglu, N.: 1988, Estimation of the time of concentration for diverging surfaces, J. of Hydrological Sc., 33(2): pp.173 – 179.##18. Campbell, S.Y. and Parlange, J.Y.: 1984, Overland flow on converging and diverging surfaces: assessment of numerical schemes, J. of Hydrology. 70, pp. 265 – 275.##19. Saghafian, B. and Julien, P.Y.: 1991, CASC2D users manual. , Civil Engineering Rep. CER 90-91 PYJ-BS-12 Colorado State University , FT Collins , Co##20. Mohammad T. Dastorani and Nigel G. Wright: 2004, A Hydrodynamic/Neural Network approach for enhanced river, International journal of civil engineering , 2(3), pp. 141-148##21. Singh, V.P., (1992), Elementary Hydrology, Chapter 16, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.##22. Saghafian, B. and shokoohi, A.R.: 2006, A corrected time-area technique for one dimensional flow, International journal of civil engineering , 4(1), pp. 34-41##23. shokoohi, A.R.: 2008, A New Approach for Isochrone Mapping in one Dimensional Flow for Using in Time – Area method. Journal of applied science, 8(3), pp. 1117-1129##24. Shokoohi, A.R. and B. Saghafian, 2007, Comparison of Isochrones delineation Methods to be used in Time-Area Routing Technique. J. of Iran-Water Resources Research, 2(3): pp. 30-42##25. M. H. Sebt, E. Parvaresh Karan and M. R. Delavar: 2008, Potential Application of GIS to Layout of Construction Temporary Facilities, International journal of civil engineering , 6(4), pp. 235-245##26. M. H. Vahidnia, A. A. Alesheikh, A. Alimohammadi and F. Hosseinali: 2009, Landslide Hazard Zonation Using Quantitative Methods in GIS, International journal of civil engineering , 7(3), pp. 176-189## ##

A novel Approach for Water Quality Management in Water Distribution Systems by Multi-objective Booster Chlorination 2 2 Compared to conventional chlorination methods which apply chlorine at water treatment plant, booster chlorination has almost solved the problems of high dosages of chlorine residuals near water sources and lack of chlorine residuals in the remote points of a water distribution system (WDS). However, control of trihalomethane (THM) formation as a potentially carcinogenic disinfection by-product (DBP) within a WDS has still remained as a water quality problem. This paper presents a two-phase approach of multi-objective booster disinfection in which both chlorine residuals and THM formation are concurrently optimized in a WDS. In the first phase, a booster disinfection system is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem in which the location of booster stations is determined. The objectives are defined as to maximize the volumetric discharge with appropriate levels of disinfectant residuals throughout all demand nodes and to minimize the total mass of disinfectant applied with a specified number of booster stations. The most frequently selected locations for installing booster disinfection stations are selected for the second phase, in which another two-objective optimization problem is defined. The objectives in the second problem are to minimize the volumetric discharge avoiding THM maximum levels and to maximize the volumetric discharge with standard levels of disinfectant residuals. For each point on the resulted trade-off curve between the water quality objectives optimal scheduling of chlorination injected at each booster station is obtained. Both optimization problems used NSGA-II algorithm as a multi-objective genetic algorithm, coupled with EPANET as a hydraulic simulation model. The optimization problems are tested for different numbers of booster chlorination stations in a real case WDS. As a result, this type of multi-objective optimization model can explicitly give the decision makers the optimal location and scheduling of booster disinfection systems with respect to the tradeoff between maximum safe drinking water with allowable chlorine residual levels and minimum adverse DBP levels. 51 60 2011/05/282009/12/152010/12/282010/08/72010/07/312011/01/162011/03/2 1389/12/11 2015/10/202015/10/212015/10/212011/10/42011/12/42012/03/102015/10/25 1394/8/3 K. Behzadian K. Behzadian Assistant Professor, Environmental Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Iran behzadian@aut.ac.ir M. Alimohammadnejad M. Alimohammadnejad MSc Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Iran ma_mn555@yahoo.com A. Ardeshir A. Ardeshir Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Iran ardeshir53@yahoo.com H. Vasheghani H. Vasheghani Executing Manager of Karaj Urban and Suburban Railway Organization , Karaj, Tehran, Iran Iran hosseinvasheghani@yahoo.com F. Jalilsani F. Jalilsani Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Iran Optimal location Booster chlorination Multi-objective optimization THM formation Water distribution system [1]. Vasconcelo, J.J., Rossman, L.A., Grayman, W.M., Boulos, P.F. and Clark, R.M.: 1997, Kinetics of chlorine decay, J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 89(7), 54–65.##[2]. Munavalli, G.R. and Kumar, M.S.M.: 2003, Optimal scheduling of multiple chlorine sources in water distribution systems, J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 129(6), 493–504.##[3]. Kang, D. and Lansey, K.: 2010, Real-Time Optimal Valve Operation and Booster Disinfection for Water Quality in Water Distribution Systems, J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 136(4), 463–473.##[4]. USEPA. 2009, National primary drinking water regulations: Stage 1 disinfectants and disinfection byproducts rule, www.epa.gov/ogwdw/mcl.html.##[5]. Tryby, M.E., Boccelli, D.L., Uber, J.G. and Rossman, L.A.: 2002, Facility location model for booster disinfection of water supply networks, J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage. 128(5), 322–333. ##[6]. Prasad, T.D., Walters, G.A. and Savic, D.A.: 2004, Booster disinfection of water supply networks: Multiobjective approach, J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 130(5), 367–376.##[7]. Boccelli, D.L., Tryby, M.E., Uber, J.G., Rossman, L.A., Zierolf, M.L. and Polycarpou, M.M.: 1998, Optimal scheduling of booster disinfection in water distribution systems, J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage. 124(2), 99–111.##[8]. Carrico, B. and Singer, C.P.: 2009, Impact of Booster Chlorination on Chlorine Decay and THM Production: Simulated Analysis, J. Environ. Eng. 135(10), 928–935.##[9]. Behzadian K., Ardeshir A., Kapelan Z., Savic D., Stochastic sampling design for water distribution model calibration, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2008; 6 (1) :48-57.##[10]. Hon. M., Jalali M.R., Afshar A., Mariño M.A., Multi-reservoir operation by adaptive pheromone re-initiated ant colony optimization algorithm, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2007; 5 (4) :284-301.##[11]. Afshar M.H., Rajabpour R., Optimal design and operation of irrigation pumping systems using particle swarm optimization algorithm, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2007; 5 (4) :302-311.##[12]. Afshar A., Zahraei S. A., Marino M. A., Cyclic storage design and operation optimization; hybrid GA decomposition approach, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2008; 6 (1) :34-47. ##[13]. Ozdemir, O.N. and Ucaner, M.E.: 2005, Success of booster chlorination for water supply networks with genetic algorithms, J. Hydraul. Res. 43(3), 267–275.##[14]. Rossman, L.A., Clark. R.M. and Grayman. W.M.: 1994, modeling chlorine residuals in drinking-water distribution systems, J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE. 120(4). 803-820.##[15]. Rossman, L.A., Brown, R.A., Singer, P.C. and Nuckols, J.R.: 2001, DBP formation kinetics in a simulated distribution system, Water Res. 35(14), 3483–3489.##[16]. Powell, J.C., West, J.R., Hallam, N.B., Forster, C.F. and Simms, J.: 2000, Performance of various kinetic models for chlorine decay, J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. Manage. 126(1), 13–20.##[17]. Biswas, P., Lu, C. and Clark. R.M.: 1993, Chlorine concentration decay in pipes, Water Res. 27(12), 1715-1724.##[18]. Clark, R.M. and Sivaganesan, M.: 1998, Predicting chlorine residuals and formation of TTHMs in drinking water, J. Environ. Eng. 124(12), 1203–1210.##[19]. Boccelli, D.L., Tryby, M.E., Uber, J.G. and Summers, R.S.: 2003, A reactive species model for chlorine decay and THM formation under rechlorination conditions, Water Res. 37(11), 2654–2666.##[20]. Singer, P.C., et al.: 2002, Relative dominance of HAAs and THMs in treated drinking water, American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Denver.##[21]. Clark, R.M.: 1998., Chlorine demand and TTHM formation kinetics, J. Environ. Eng. 124(1), 16–24.##[22]. Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S. and Meyarivan, T.: 2002, A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II, IEEE Transaction Evolutionary Computing, 6(4), 182–197.##[23]. Haestad Methods.: 2003, WaterGEMS User’s Guide, CT 06708-1499, USA.## ##

Evaluation of turbulence models in the simulation of oblique standing shock waves in supercritical channel flows 2 2 In this article, the two-dimensional depth-averaged Saint Venant equations, including the turbulence terms, are solved in a supercritical flow with oblique standing waves. The algorithm applies the finite volume Roe-TVD method with unstructured triangular cells. Three depth-averaged turbulence models, including the mixing length, k-;epsilon and algebraic stress model (ASM), are used to close the hydrodynamic equations. The supercritical flow in a channel downstream from a side-baffle in plan is then simulated, and the numerical results are compared with the data obtained from a laboratory model. The application of different models demonstrates that the consideration of turbulence models improves the results at the shock wave positions. The qualitative study of the results and error analysis indicates that the ASM offers the most desirable solutions in comparison with the other models. However, our numerical experiments show that, amongst the source term components, the negligence of turbulence terms produces the least error in the depth estimation in comparison with the removal of the bed slope or bed friction terms. 61 71 2011/05/282009/12/152010/12/282010/08/72010/07/312011/01/162011/03/22010/04/17 1389/1/28 2015/10/202015/10/212015/10/212011/10/42011/12/42012/03/102015/10/252012/03/10 1390/12/20 E. Alamatian E. Alamatian Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Khavaran Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran Iran alamatian@stu-mail.um.ac.ir M. R. Jaefarzadeh M. R. Jaefarzadeh Corresponding author: Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Iran jafarzad@um.ac.ir Finite volume method Mixing length model k-ε model Algebraic stress model Oblique standing waves [1] Rodi W.: 1980, Turbulence models and their application in hydraulics, IAHR Monograph Series.##[2] Kraichnan, R.H.: 1967, Inertial ranges in two-dimensional turbulence, Journal of Physics Fluids.10,14-17.##[3] Batchelor, G.K.: 1969, Computation of the energy spectrum in homogeneous two-dimensional turbulence, Journal of Physics Fluids Suppl.II. 233-239.##[4] Dracos, T., Gigerm, M. and Jirka, G.H.:1992, Plane turbulent jets in a bounded fluid layer, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.241, 587-614.##[5] Giger, M. Dracos, T. and Jirka, G.H.: 1979, Entrainment and mixing in plane turbulent jets in shallow water, Journal of Hydraulic Research.29, 615-643.##[6] Chen, D. and Jirka, G.H.: 1998, Linear instability analysis of turbulent mixing layers and jets in shallow water layers, Journal of Hydraulic Research.36, 525-253.##[7] Thomas, F.O.:1986, Goldschmidt VW. Structural characteristics of developing turbulent planar jet, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.63, 227-256.##[8] Lloyd, P.M., Stansby, P.K. and Chen, D.: 2001, Wake formation around islands in oscillatory laminar shallow water Flows, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.429, 217-238. ##[9] Uijttewaal, W.S.J., and Girka, G.H.: 2003, Grid turbulence in shallow flows, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.489, 325-344.##[10] Uijttewaal, W.S.J. and Booij, R.:2000, Effects of shallowness on the development of free-surface mixing layers, Journal of Physics Fluids.12, 392-402.##[11] Uijttewaal, W.S.J. and Tukker, J.: 1998, Development of quasi two-dimensional structures in a shallow free-surface mixing layer, Journal of Experimental Fluids.24, 192-200.##[12] Chu, V.H. and Babarutsi, S.: 1998, Confinement and bed-friction effects in shallow turbulent mixing layers, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.114, 1257-1274.##[13] Vazquez-Cendon, M.E., Cea, L. and Puertas, J.: 2009, The shallow water model: The relevance of geometry and turbulence, Monografias de la Real Academia de Ciencias de Zaragoza.31, 217–236.##[14] Cea, L. and Vazquez-Cendon, M.E.: 2008, Depth averaged turbulence models and source terms, Numerical Modelling of Hydrodynamics for Water Resources, Taylor & Francis Group. ##[15] Jia, Y. and Wang, S.S.Y.: 1999, Numerical model for channel flow and morphological change studies, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.125, 924–933.##[16] Rastogi, A.K. and Rodi, W.: 1978, Predictions of heat and mass transfer in open channels, Journal of the Hydraulics Division. 397-420.##[17] Cea, L., Jeronimo, P. and Vazquez-Cendon, M.E.: 2007, Depth averaged modeling of turbulent shallow water flow with wet-dry fronts, Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering.14, 303–341.##[18] Toro, E.F.: 2001, Shock-capturing methods for free-surface shallow flows, Wiley, Chichester.##[19] Leveque, R.J.: 2002, Finite volume methods for hyperbolic problems, Cambridge University Press. ##[20] Roe, P.L.: 1981, Approximate Riemann solvers, parameter vectors, and difference schemes, Journal of Comput Physics.43, 357–372.##[21] Osher, S. and Solomon, F.: 1982, Upwind difference schemes for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, Math. Comp.38, 339–374.##[22] Harten, A., Lax, P.D. and van Leer, B.: 1983, On upstream differencing and Godunov-type schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws, SIAM Rev. 25, 35–61.##[23] Einfeldt, B.: 1988, On Godunov-type methods for gas dynamics, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 25, 294–318.##[24] Trangenstein, J.A.: 2007, Numerical solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations, Cambridge University Press.##[25] Cea, L.:2005, An unstructured finite volume model for unsteady turbulent shallow water flow with wet-dry fronts, numerical solver and experimental validation, Doctoral Thesis, Departamento de Metodos Matematicos y de Representacion, Universidad de A Coruna. ##[26] Yoon, T.H, and Kang, S.: 2004, Finite volume model for two-dimensional shallow water flows on unstructured grids, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 130, 678-688.##[27] Davidson, L.: 1993, Implementation of a model and a Reynolds Stress Model into a multiblock code, Tech. Rep. CRS4-APPMATH-93-21, Applied Mathematics and Simulation Group CRS4, Cagliary, Italy.##[28] Hajivalie, F, and Yeganeh Bakhtiary, A.: 2011, Numerical simulation of the interaction of a broken wave and a vertical breakwater, International Journal of Civil Engineering. 9, 71-79.##[29] Durbin, P.: 1996, On the stagnation point anomaly, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow.17, 89-90.##[30] Davidson, L.: 1997, An introduction to turbulence models, Tech Rep 97/2, Dept of Thermo and Fluid Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology.##[31] Chaudhry, M.H.: 2008, Open-Channel Flow, Second Edition. Springer.## ##

Numerical simulation of acoustic cavitation in the reservoir and effects on dynamic response of concrete dams 2 2 This paper describes a numerical model and its finite element implementation that used to compute the cavitation effects on seismic behavior of concrete dam and reservoir systems. The system is composed of two sub-systems, namely, the reservoir and the dam. The water is considered as bilinear compressible and inviscid and the equation of motion of fluid domain is expressed in terms of the pressure variable alone. A bilinear state equation is used to model the pressure–density relationship of a cavitated fluid. A standard displacement finite element formulation is used for the structure. The Structural damping of the dam material and the radiation damping of the water and damping from foundation soil and banks have been incorporated in the analysis. The solution of the coupled system is accomplished by solving the two sub-systems separately with the interaction effects at the damreservoir interface enforced by a developed iterative scheme. The developed method is validated by testing it against problem for which, there is existing solution and the effects of cavitation on dynamic response of Konya gravity dam and Morrow Point arch dam subjected to the first 6 s of the May 1940 El-Centro, California earthquake, is considered. Obtained results show that impact forces caused by cavitation have a small effect on the dynamic response of dam-reservoir system. 72 86 2011/05/282009/12/152010/12/282010/08/72010/07/312011/01/162011/03/22010/04/172009/10/5 1388/7/13 2015/10/202015/10/212015/10/212011/10/42011/12/42012/03/102015/10/252012/03/102015/10/25 1394/8/3 R. Attarnejad R. Attarnejad Faculty of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11365-4563, Tehran-Iran. Associate Professor Iran attarnjd@ut.ac.ir F. Kalateh F. Kalateh Faculty of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Ph.D. Candidate Iran f.Kalateh@gmail.com Dam–reservoir interaction Finite element method Nonlinear analysis Cavitation Concrete dams [1] G. Fenves, L. M. Vargas-Loli, Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Fluid-Structure Systems. of Eng. Mechanics, Vol. [114].##[2] Kuhl, E., Hulshoff, S., De Borst, R., An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element approach for fluid-structure interaction phenomena, Int. J. for Numer. Meth. In Engng., 57,117-142, 2003. ##[3] Koh, H. M., Kim, J. K., Park, J. H., Fluid-Structure interaction analysis of 3-D Rectangular tanks by a variationally coupled BEM-FEM and comparison with test Results. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 27; 109-124, 1998. ##[4] Niwa, A., and R. W. Clough. "Shaking Table Research on Concrete Dam Models." Report No. UCB/EERC-80/05. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley. 1980.##[5] Clough, R. W., and Chang, C. H., Seismic cavitation effects on gravity dam Reservoir. , Numerical methods in coupled systems, R. W. Lewis, P. Bettess, and Hinton, eds., John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK. , 571-598. 1984##[6] H.H. Bleich and I. S. Sandler. Interaction between structures and bilinear fluids. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 6:617-639, 1970 ##[7] Zienkiewicz, O. C., and Paul, D. K., and Hinton, E., Cavitation in fluid-structure Response (with particular reference to dams under earthquake loading)., Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. , 11(4), 463-481, 1983##[8] R. E. Newton. Finite element analysis of shock-induced cavitation. ASCE,Spring Convention, 1980. Preprint 80-110. ##[9] Hamdi M. A. Ousset Y, Verchery G. A displacement method for the analysis of Vibrations of coupled fluid-structure systems. Int J Numer Meth Engng., 13,139-50, 1978.##[10] C.A. Felippa and J.A. Deruntz, Finite element analysis of shock-induced hull Cavitiation, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 44:297–337, 1984.##[11] M.A. Sprague and T.L. Geers, Spectral elements and field separation for an Acoustic Fluid subject to cavitation, Journal of Computational Physics, 184:149– 162, 2003.##[12] G. Sandberg, A new finite element formulation of shock-induced hull cavitation, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engng. 1995; 120:33-44##[13] M. R. Ross, M. A. Sprague, C. A. Felippa, K. C. Par, Treatment of acoustic fluid- structure interaction by localized Lagrange multipliers and comparison to alternative interface-coupling methods,omput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 2009; 198:986-1005.##[14] D. Maity and S. K. Bhattacharyya. , Time Domain Analysis of infinite reservoir by Finit Element Method using a Novel Far-boundary Condition., Int. J. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 32; 85-96; 1999.##[15] Zienkiewicz, O. C. et al. The Sommerfeld radiation condition on infinite domains And its modeling in numerical procedure, IRIA Third Int. Symp. Comput. Meth Appl Sci Engng, 1977.## [16] S. Aliabadi and S. Tu and M. D. Watts, Simulation of Hydrodynamic Cavitating Flows Using Stabilized Finite Element Method, 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, Jan. 10-13, 2005, Reno, Nevada##[17] A.V. Oskouei and A.A. Dumanoglu. Nonlinear dynamic response of concrete Gravity Dams: cavitation effect. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 21:99-112, 2001.##[18] N. Khalili, M. Yazdchi, and S. Valliappan. Non-linear seismic behavior of Concrete gravity dams using coupled finite element-boundary element technique. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 44:101–130, 1999.##[19] Bahaa El-Aidi. Nonlinear Earthquake Response of Concrete Gravity Dam Systems. PhD Thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 1989.##[20] H. Mirzabozorg and M. Ghaemian. Non-linear behavior of mass concrete in Three-dimensional problems using a smeared crack approach. Earth Engng and Struc. Dyn, 34:247-269, 2005##[21] O.C. Zienkiewicz and R.L. Taylor, the Finite Element Method: Basic Formulation And Linear Problems, volume 1, McGraw-Hill Book Company, London, Sixth Edition, 2004##[22] K.C. Park. Stabilization of partitioned solution procedures for pore fluid-soil Interaction analysis. Internat. J. Num. Meth. Eng., 19, 1669-73, 1983.##[23] M. Ghaemian and A. Ghobarah, Staggered Solution Schemes for Dam-Reservoir Interaction, J. of Fluids and Structures, 12, 933-948, 1998. ##[24]- M. R. Ross, "Coupling and Simulation of Acoustic Fluid-Structure Interaction Systems Using Localized Lagrange Multipliers",Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Aerospace Engineering Science,University of Colorado, 2006. ##[25] Medina F. Modeling of soil-structure interaction by finite and infinite elements,Reports No. UCB/EERC-80/43, 1980.##[26] G. L. Fenves, S. Mojtahedi and R. B. Reimer, \'Effect of contraction joints On earthquake response of an arch dam, J. Struct. Engng. 118, 1039-1055 (1992).##[27] M. MAHMOOD R., M.T. Ahmadi, A. HAJMOMENI" AMBIENT VIBRATION TESTS OF A MODERUN ARCH DAM; SOME PROPOSALS FOR METHOD OF DATA PROCESSING", International J. of Civil Eng. Vol 1, Number 1 (9-2003).## ##