2026-09-06T13:58:03+03:30 http://ijce.iust.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=44&slc_lang=en&sid=1

44-580 2026-09-06 10.1002

International Journal of Civil Engineering IJCE 1735-0522 2283-3874 2004 2 3 Mohammad T. Dastorani mdastorani@yazduni.ac.ir Nigel G. Wright In this study, an artificial neural networks (ANN) was used to optimise the results obtained from a hydrodynamic model of river flow prediction. The study area is Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwest Idaho, USA. First a hydrodynamic model was constructed to predict flow at the outlet using time series data from upstream gauging sites as boundary conditions. The model, then was replaced with an ANN model using the same inputs. Finally a hybrid model was employed in which the error of the hydrodynamic model is predicted using an ANN model to optimise the outputs. Simulations were carried out for two different conditions (with and without data from a recently suspended gauging site) to evaluate the effect of this suspension in hydrodynamic, ANN and the hybrid model. Using ANN in this way, the error produced by the hydrodynamic model was predicted and thereby, the results of the model were improved. Hydrodynamic modelling flow prediction flow forecasting river flow artificial neural 2004 9 01 141 148

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International Journal of Civil Engineering IJCE 1735-0522 2283-3874 2004 2 3 MEHRDAD M.A. NESHAEI M.A.L. Seawalls are commonly constructed to prevent landward erosion of the shoreline and to maintain the configuration of the area behind them against wave action. In order to consider the effect of seawalls on surf zone hydrodynamics, experiments have been performed at laboratory model scale on partially reflective seawalls located in the surf zone. The main objectives of these experiments were to undertake a quantitative comparison of near-bed velocities in two cases (i.e. with and without the reflective structure). The presence of a reflective structure and the influence of reflected waves result in significant changes in the mean flow and the near-bed horizontal velocities in the surf zone. The latter is illustrated by comparing the probabilistic properties of velocities measured with and without a reflective structure. In this paper, a semi-empirical approach based on the measured probability density functions of near-bed horizontal velocities, is presented to predict the short-term response of a partially reflective seawall to random wave attack. The results obtained from the model and comparison with the experimental results, which have been reported previously are promising and encouraging for further developments of the preliminary model. HYDRODYNAMICS WAVE SURF ZONE SEAWALL 2004 9 01 149 163

44-22 2026-09-06 10.1002

International Journal of Civil Engineering IJCE 1735-0522 2283-3874 2004 2 3 BAZIAR M.H. ASNA ASHARI M. An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the liquefaction resistance of silty sand utilizing laboratory techniques. In this study, liquefaction potential of silty sand by using cyclic triaxial tests on frozen samples retrieved from calibration chamber and constructed samples by dry pouring method were investigated. Correlation between cone penetration resistance and cyclic strength of undisturbed silty sand samples are also examined using CPT calibration chamber and cyclic triaxial tests. The cone penetration tests were performed on silty sand samples with fine contents ranging from 0% to 50% and overburden stresses in the range of 100-300 kPa. Then the soil sample in calibration chamber, in the same way that soil samples were prepared during CPT sounding, was frozen and undisturbed soil specimen retrieved from frozen soil sample were tested using cyclic triaxial tests. Analysis of results indicates that the quality of frozen samples is affected by fine content and overburden pressures. Also, using data obtained in this research, the relationship between cone tip resistance and cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) for silty sand soils will be presented. These correlations are in relatively good agreement with field case history data. Also increasing confining pressure in silty sand material increases the cone tip resistance and generally, cyclic resistance ratio increases by increasing silt content. CONE PENETRATION TEST CALIBRATION TEST LIQUEFACTION SILTY SANDS 2004 9 01 164 172

44-1067 2026-09-06 10.1002

International Journal of Civil Engineering IJCE 1735-0522 2283-3874 2004 2 3 F. EFTEKHARZADEH According to experiences, zones of weaknesses, joint systems and sliding surfaces in rock masses, have a great effect on the deformation behavior of tunnel cross section and the stress development in the shotcrete cover. The loosening and detaching of rock due to roof deformations in turn can take progressive dimensions and lead to roof fall and in extreme case cave to the surface. In this study, the effect of weakness zones on increasing roof deformations is demonstrated and the radius of influence of such weaknesses is determined using a FE- program for 3- dimensional continuum. Furthermore it is shown that the thickness of such disturbances does not significantly affect the development of deformations i.e. if the stiffness conditions remain constant. Also the viscous material causes greater deformations than the elastic one. Finally the study indicates that tangential stresses in the lining are also increased by weakness zones. NATM ROOF DEFORMATION 3D MODEL FEM 2004 9 01 173 181

44-1068 2026-09-06 10.1002

International Journal of Civil Engineering IJCE 1735-0522 2283-3874 2004 2 3 E. ASHOURI The seismographic data, as well as historical resources are indicative of the occurrence of numerous earthquakes in the region of Garmsar since the prehistoric centuries. The 4th century BC earthquake in the region of Caspian Gate and Eivankey City with the magnitude of Ms = 7.9 and intensity of Io = X and also the earthquake of spring 743 AD, (Spring 122 Hegira, Solar year)estimated at the magnitude of Ms= 7.2 and intensity of Io = VIII in the region of Sardarreh Khar (Caspian Gate) and Takhte-Rostam Mountain, and earthquakes of Moharram 1367(3th of September, 1988) continuing for one year, inspired the author to investigate and introduce the causing factors of these earthquakes. In this research, it has been identified that on one hand factors such as activation of certain unknown faults.The geographical distribution of the seismological focus properly indicate Garmsar,s fault activation and the faults of Rude-Shur valley, Ejdeha Mountain and the faults of north and south part of Kalarz Mountain and Red Mountain, Rameh, Ghalibaf, Gach-ab and Gugerd Mountain faults have been acted in the past history of this region (Fig. 2). GARMSAR FAULT HABLE-RUD GARMSAR SEISMOLOGY CASPIAN GATE NORTH CENTRAL OF IRAN KALARZ EJDEHA RUDE-SHUR FAULTS 2004 9 01 182 191

44-1069 2026-09-06 10.1002

International Journal of Civil Engineering IJCE 1735-0522 2283-3874 2004 2 3 M.R ESFAHANI M.R KIANOUSH M. LACHEMI This paper compares the results of two experimental studies on bond strength of steel and GFRP bars in the case of self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Each study included pull-out tests of thirty six reinforcing bars embedded in concrete specimens. Two types of concretes, normal concrete and self-consolidating concrete were used in different studies. Different parameters such as bar location and cover thickness were considered as variables in different specimens. The comparison between the results of GFRP reinforcing bars with those of steel deformed bars showed that the splitting bond strength of GFRP reinforcing bars was comparable to that of steel bars in both normal strength and self-consolidating concrete (SCC). The bond strength of bottom reinforcing bars was almost the same for both normal concrete and self-consolidating concrete. However, for the top bars, the bond strength of self-consolidating concrete was less than that of normal concrete. BOND STRENGTH GLASS FRP REINFORCING BARS SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE STEEL BARS 2004 9 01 192 200